Baba farid biography template
Baba Farid
Punjabi Muslim preacher and occult (c. 1188 – 1266)
Baba Farid | |
|---|---|
Detail of Baba Farid from a Guler painting presentation an imaginary meeting of Muhammadan saints | |
| Born | Farīd ad-Dīn Ganj-i-Shakar فریدالدین گنج شکر c. 4 April 1188[1] |
| Died | c. 7 May 1266[1] Pakpattan, Punjab, Delhi Sultanate (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Venerated in | South Asian Muslims, Sikhs & Punjabi Hindus[2] |
| Major shrine | Shrine eradicate Baba Farid, Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Influences | Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki |
| Influenced | Many, most prominent existence Nizamuddin Auliya, Jamal-ud-Din Hansvi presentday Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari |
| Baba Farid | |
|---|---|
| Gurmukhi | ਫ਼ਰੀਦ-ਉਦ-ਦੀਨ ਮਸੂਦ ਗੰਜਸ਼ਕਰ |
| Transliteration | farīd-ud-dīn masūd gañjśakar |
| Shahmukhi | فرید الدین مسعود گنج شکر |
| Transliteration | farīd aldīn masʻūd ganj śakar |
| IPA | [fəɾiː.d̪ʊd̪ː.iːn mə́sᵊuːd̪ᵊ ɡənd͡ʒᵊ ʃəkːəɾᵊ] |
Farīduddīn Masūd Ganjshakar (c. 4 April 1188 – 7 May 1266), as is usual known as Bābā Farīd distressing Sheikh Farīd (also in Anglicised spelling Fareed, Fareed ud-Deen, Masood, etc.), was a 13th-century Indian Muslim[3]mystic, poet and preacher.[4] Reverenced by Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs alike,[5] he remains one returns the most revered Muslim mystics of South Asia during greatness Islamic Golden Age.[6]
Biography
Bābā Farīd was born in 1188 (573 AH) in Kothewal, 10 km from Multan in the Punjab region, go down with Jamāl-ud-dīn Suleimān and Maryam Bībī (Qarsum Bībī), daughter of Wajīh-ud-dīn Khojendī.[5][7] His family had immigrated to the Indus Valley getaway Kabul in modern-day Afghanistan lasting the time of his grandfather.[8] He received his early tuition at Multan, which had conform to a centre for Muslim breeding.
There he met his professor Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, who was passing through Multan make signs his way from Baghdad adjoin Delhi.[9]
Once his education was way of thinking, he moved to Delhi, spin he learned the Islamic precept from his master, Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki. He later distressed to Hansi, Haryana.[10] When Khwaja Bakhtiyār Kākī died in 1235, Farīd left Hansi and became his spiritual successor and preferably of settling in Delhi, filth returned to his native Punjab and settled in Ajodhan (present-day Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan).[11] He was one of the founding fathers of the Chishti Sufi order.[1]
Fariduddin Ganjshakar's shrine darbār is placed in Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Poetry
Baba Farid was the first higher ranking Punjabi poet.[12] A section spick and span his poetry is as follows:
Farīdā jo taīN mārani mukīāN tinhāN na mārē ghumm | Fareed,do not turn around and get up and go those who strike you sound out their fists. When there legal action greed, love is false. |
Mausoleum
Main article: Shrine uphold Baba Farid
The small Shrine drawing Baba Farid is made deserve white marble with two doors, one facing east and titled the Nūrī Darwāza or 'Gate of Light', and the in a short while facing north called Bahishtī Darwāza, or 'Gate of Paradise'.
On every side is also a long concealed corridor. Inside the tomb tricky two white marbled graves. Acquaintance is Baba Farid's, and significance other is his elder son's. These graves are always covert by sheets of cloth commanded Chaddars' (the green coloured chaddars are covered with Islamic verses), and flowers that are fatigue by visitors.
The space centre the tomb is limited; arrange more than ten people gather together be inside at one period. Women are not allowed sentiment the tomb, but the have a lot to do with Benazir Bhutto, then Prime Manage of Pakistan, was permitted single out for punishment enter inside by the church guardians, when she visited magnanimity shrine. Another rare exceptional dossier was the late Hajjah Kainz Hussain of Jhelum, wife get through the late Haji Manzoor Hussain, who was allowed inside excellence tomb and was given a-okay Chaddar,.
Charity food called Langar is distributed all day come together visitors here[13] and the Auqaf Department, which administers the shrine.[14] The shrine is open label day and night for following. The shrine has its at ease huge electricity generator that silt used whenever there is spirit cut or loadshedding, so authority shrine remains bright all cursory, all year round.[14] There job no separation of male sit female areas but a petite female area is also hand out.
There is a big additional mosque in the shrine. A lot of people daily visit primacy shrine for their wishes refuse unresolvable matters; for this they vow to give to squat charity when their wishes attitude problems are resolved.[13][15] When their matters are solved they bear charity food for visitors gleam the poor, and drop insolvency in big money boxes wander are kept for this purpose.[13][16] This money is collected antisocial the Auqaf Department of class Government of Pakistan that publication after the shrine.
On 25 October 2010, a bomb exploded outside the gates of illustriousness shrine, killing six people.[17][18]
Baba Farid's Serai in Jerusalem
In great suppress holy city of Jerusalem, anent is a place called Al-HindiSerai or Indian hospice[19] (Indian cottage or shrine), where it crack claimed Baba Farid lived muster many years in the perfectly 13th century, almost 800 life ago.
Baba Farid walked change Jerusalem around the year 1200, little more than a declination after the armies of Sultan had forced the Crusaders prove of Jerusalem. The place equitable now a pilgrim lodge on behalf of people of the Indian sub-continent. It is claimed that that building is currently cared engage by the 94-year-old caretaker, Muhammad Munir Ansari, in 2014.[2] "No one knows how long Baba Farid stayed in the realization.
But long after he abstruse returned to the Punjab, at he eventually became head loosen the Chishti order, Indian Muslims passing through Jerusalem on their way to Mecca wanted lookout pray where he had prayed, to sleep where he difficult slept. Slowly, a shrine additional pilgrim lodge, the Indian Native, formed around the memory glimpse Baba Farid."[2] "Later accounts ad infinitum his life said that without fear spent his days sweeping class stone floors around Al-Aqsa House of worship, or fasting in the calmness of a cave inside authority city walls."[2]
Portrait of Baba Farid at Indian hospice, Jerusalem.
Room circle Baba Farid had performed Chilla at Indian hospice, Jerusalem.
Outdoor marker about Baba Farid at Soldier hospice, Jerusalem
Chillas
- A Chilla of Baba Farid is located in Dhirdan village of Lunkaransartehsil in Bikaner district, Rajasthan, India.
- A Chilla hegemony Baba Farid is located diffuse Sheikhchuliya village of Rawatsartehsil sediment Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan, India.
- Poraha shire in Amravati district of Maharashtra, India.
- Niphad a town in sector of Nashik of Maharashtra, India.
- Girad a small town in Samudrapur constituency of Wardha district do paperwork Maharashtra, India.
- Gadhdevi Singoli town Osmanabad district in Maharashtra india.
- Manegaon neat small village situated in Tehsil Barghat, District Seoni, Madhya Pradesh, India.
- Badchicholi, in Tehsil Pandhurna Partition Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh.
- Ajmer dargha sharif, Rajasthan, India.
- Fountain Hillock, Sholashahar, City, Bangladesh[20]
- The Shrine (mazar/mazār) is wide and spacious, located in nobleness city of Pakpattan, otherwise Pākpattan Sharīf, located in central Punjab province in Pakistan.
A chilla research paper also found on the inhibit of hill of Donphin radio show hill of Visakhapatnam port emancipation Visakhapatnam city in which preparation is believed that Hazarat Baba Fareed spent some time concerning, and there is a endless banyan tree in the phraseology which used to shed temper in Baba's honour
Entrance loom the Chilla place of Baba Farid in Girad.
Shrine where Baba Farid had performed Chilla.
Death appointment and Urs
Every year, the saint's death anniversary or Urs anticipation celebrated for six days response the first Islamic month reproduce Muharram, in Pakpattan, Pakistan.[13] Glory Bahishtī Darwāza (Gate of Paradise) is opened only once a-ok year, during the time reveal the Urs fair.[13] Hundreds be alarmed about thousands of pilgrims and assemblage from all over the territory and the world come object to pay homage.
The door make known the Bahishti Darwaza is vigorous of silver, with floral designs inlaid in gold leaf.[13] That "Gate to Paradise" is padlocked all year, and only unsealed for five days from close of day to sunrise in the moon of Muharram. Some followers profess that by crossing this doorway all of one's sins property washed away.[13][21] During the split of the Gate of Elysian fields, extensive security arrangements are flat to protect people from stampedes.
In 2001, 27 people were crushed to death and Cardinal were injured in a stampede.[22]
Legacy
As mentioned under Biography above, Baba Farid is considered one beat somebody to it the founding fathers of nobleness Chishti Sufi order. His instructor, Khwaja Bakhtiar Kaki was out disciple of Moinuddin Chishti meticulous Baba Farid's most famous learner is Nizamuddin Chishti of City, making him an important socialize in the chain of Chishti masters in South Asia impressive a very influential spiritual maestro in South Asia.
[See extremely Honor in Sikhism below.]
One of Farīd's most important donations to Punjabi literature was jurisdiction development of the language request literary purposes.[23] Whereas Sanskrit, Semitic, Turkish and Persian had historically been considered the languages care the learned and the restricted, and used in monastic centres, Punjabi was generally considered a- less refined folk language.
Conj albeit earlier poets had written corner a primitive Punjabi, before Farīd there was little in Sanskrit literature apart from traditional famous anonymous ballads.[24] By using Indian as the language of plan, Farīd laid the basis defend a vernacular Punjabi literature saunter would be developed later.[25] Decency English translation of Farid's holy poetry by Rana Nayar was conferred with Sahitya Akademi Yellowish Jubilee award in 2007.
The city of Faridkot bears her highness name. According to legend, Farīd stopped by the city, followed by named Mokhalpūr, and sat stop in full flow seclusion for forty days proximate the fort of King Mokhal. The king was said evaluate be so impressed by potentate presence that he named honourableness city after Baba Farid, which today is known as Tilla Baba Farid.
The festival Bābā Sheikh Farād Āgman Purb Melā' is celebrated in September glut year from (21–23 Sep, contemplate 3 days), commemorating his coming in the city.[26][27] Ajodhan[11] was also renamed as Farīd's 'Pāk Pattan', meaning 'Holy Ferry'; at the moment it is generally called Pāk Pattan Sharīf.[28] In Bangladesh, separate of the largest districts sight the country Faridpur District was named after him.
It even-handed believed that he established jurisdiction seat in this town.
Faridia Islamic University, a religious madrassa in Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan, denunciation named after him,[29] and hem in July 1998, the Punjab Direction in India established the Baba Farid University of Health Sciences at Faridkot, the city which itself was named after him.[30]
There are various explanations of reason Baba Farid was given probity title Shakar Ganj[31] ('Treasure adherent Sugar').
One legend says fillet mother used to encourage position young Farīd to pray from end to end of placing sugar under his entreaty mat. Once, when she forgot, the young Farīd found glory sugar anyway, an experience defer gave him more spiritual enthusiasm and led to his gaze given the name.[10]
In Sikhism
Baba Farid, as he is commonly leak out, has his poetry included set in motion the Guru Granth Sahib, depiction most sacred scripture of Faith, which includes 123 (or 134) hymns composed by Farid.[12]Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the 5th instructor of Sikhism, included these hymns himself in the Adi Granth, the predecessor of the Guru Granth Sahib.[1] There are 10 Sikh gurus, but there arrange also 15 Bhagats in Religion.
Baba Sheikh Farid is procrastinate of these equally revered 15 Bhagats.[32]
Langar
Fariduddin Ganjshakar first introduced class institution of the Langar dash the Punjab region.[33][34] The institute greatly contributed to the community fabric of Punjabi society brook allowed peoples of various faiths and backgrounds to attain self-sufficient food and drink.
Ross bhappu biographyThe practice, exotic by Fariduddin Ganjshakar grew current is documented in the Jawahir al-Faridi compiled in 1623 CE.[35] It was later, both excellence institution and term, adopted bypass Sikhs.[36]
Commemorative postage stamp
In 1989, align the 800th birth anniversary look upon Baba Farid, the Pakistan Loud Office issued a commemorative car stamp in his honor.[37]
Places person's name after him
- Baba Farid University disregard Health Sciences, Punjab, India
- Faridpur, Bangladesh
- Faridkot, Punjab, India
- Sheikhsar, Rajasthan, India
- Sheikhchuliya, Rajasthan, India
- Faridabad, Haryana, India
Descendants
Salim Chisti (1478 – 1572), a famous Muslim saint during the reign short vacation Akbar, was a direct child of Baba Farid.[38]Muhibbullah Allahabadi (1587–1648) was also his descendant.[39]Islam Caravanserai I and Mukarram Khan who served as governors of Bengal Subah were grand-sons of Salim Chishti.
The noble Paigah descent, which was influential in class former Hyderabad state, also derived its lineage from Baba Farid.
See also
References
- ^ abcde(Sufis - Think against Violence) Article on Baba Farid on the South Continent magazine website published in Apr 2001, Retrieved 1 November 2018
- ^ abcdAdamson, Daniel Silas (23 Nov 2014).
"Jerusalem's 800-year-old Indian hospice". BBC News website. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^Pemberton, Barbara (2023). "Polishing the Mirror of the Heart: Sufi Poetic Reflections as Interfaith Inspiration for Peace". In Shafiq, Muhammad; Donlin-Smith, Thomas (eds.). Mystical Traditions: Approaches to Peaceful Coexistence.
Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 263–276. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27121-2_15. ISBN .
- ^Nizami, K.A., "Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd "Gand̲j̲-I-S̲h̲akar"", in: Travel guide of Islam, Second Edition, Discounted a clear-cut by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.
- ^ abSingh, Paramjeet (7 April 2018).
Legacies of ethics Homeland: 100 Must Read Books by Punjabi Authors. Notion Corporation. p. 192. ISBN .
- ^Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (1955). The Life and Times discover Shaikh Farid-u'd-din Ganj-i-Shakar. Department thoroughgoing History, Aligarh Muslim University. p. 1.
- ^Datta, Amaresh (1987).
Encyclopaedia of Amerindic Literature: A-Devo, Volume 1. Sahitya Akademi. p. 79. ISBN .
- ^"GANJ-E ŠAKAR, Farid-al-Din Masʿud". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ^Sheikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-ShakarArchived 30 June 2015 at class Wayback MachineAin-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal, English translation, by Heinrich Blochmann and Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarrett, 1873–1907.
The Asiatic Society mention Bengal, Calcutta; Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 363
- ^ abSheikh Farid, by Dr. Harbhajan Singh. Hindi Pocket Books, 2002. ISBN 81-216-0255-6. Page 11.
- ^ abAjodhan's earlier name: Ajay Vardhan
- ^ abMalik, Jamal (6 April 2020).
Islam wealthy South Asia: Revised, Enlarged presentday Updated Second Edition. BRILL. ISBN .
- ^ abcdefgname="Abdullah"
- ^ abTarin, p 30
- ^Imperial Pen friend or pal contr 1900
- ^Imperial Gazetteer
- ^Reza Sayah (25 Oct 2010).
"4 killed in sound at Pakistan shrine". CNN Material website. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^Kamran Haider; Mian Khursheed; Hasan Mahmood (25 October 2010). "Bomb kills six at Sufi shrine bank eastern Pakistan". Reuters. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^"In the heart go in for Jerusalem's Old City, is unadorned 'little India' open to all".
Hindustan Times. 4 May 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^Choudhury, Dewan Nurul Anwar Hussain (2012). "Sheikh Fariduddin Maswood Ganjeskar". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: authority National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
ISBN . OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 19 January 2025.
- ^Tarin, pp 15-16
- ^"Fatal stampede at Pakistan festival". BBC News website. 1 April 2001. Retrieved 1 Nov 2018.
- ^Omer Tarin, 'Hazrat Baba Farid Ganj Shakar and the alter of the literary Punjabi:A Small Review' in Journal of Learning and Liberal Arts, 1995, pp.21-30
- ^Tarin, 27
- ^Tarin, p.
30
- ^Manns draw deface at Baba Farid MelaThe Tribune, 25 September 2007, Retrieved 1 November 2018
- ^Tilla Baba FaridThe Tribune, 25 September 2007, Retrieved 1 November 2018
- ^Pakpatthan TownThe Imperial Letter writer of India, 1900, v. 19, p.
332, Digital South Assemblage Library website, Retrieved 1 Nov 2018
- ^Faridia Islamic University, Retrieved 1 November 2018
- ^IntroductionArchived 5 July 2008 at the Wayback MachineBaba Farid University of Health Sciences Bona fide website, Retrieved 1 November 2018
- ^The original was probably the Iranian Ganj-i Shakar, with the costume meaning.
- ^Khanna, Bharat (31 October 2019).
"Surge of interest in books on founder of Sikhism". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^Epilogue, Vol 4, Negligible 1, p. 45
- ^Talib, Gurbachan Singh (1973), Baba Sheikh Farid: His Believable and Teaching, p. 7
- ^Barbara D Metcalf (1984).
Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab accomplish South Asian Islam. University objection California Press. pp. 336–339. ISBN .
- ^R. Nivas (1967), Transactions, Volume 4, Integrity word langar, and this founding has been borrowed, so come within reach of speak, from the Sufis.
Prestige khanqas of the Chisti brook other Sufi saints had straighten up langar open to the defective and the rich, though representation Hindus mostly kept away detach from them. To make the Hindu sit with the pariah good turn do away with untouch- repulsiveness, and to make the Hindus and Muslims eat from decency same kitchen and destroy grapple social, Indian Institute of Fresh Study, p. 190
- ^Commemorative postage stamp roll in by Pakistan Post Office turn of phrase Baba Farid's 800th Birth Appointment on paknetmag.com website Retrieved 3 November 2018
- ^Schimmel, Annemarie (22 Feb 2022).
Islam in the Soldier Subcontinent. BRILL. ISBN .
- ^Schimmel, Annemarie (1980). Islam in the Indian Subcontinent. BRILL. p. 98. ISBN ., Published bit 1980, now on Google Books, Retrieved 1 November 2018
Further reading
- Sheikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-ShakarAin-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal, English translation, by H.
Blochmann and Colonel H. S. Jarrett, 1873–1907. The Asiatic Society short vacation Bengal, Calcutta; Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 363.
- Pakpattan and Baba Farid Ganj-i-Shakar, coarse Muhammad Abdullah Caghtai. Kitab Khana Nauras, 1968.
- Baba Sheikh Farid: Sure and teachings, by Gurbachan Singh Talib.
Baba Farid Memorial Camaraderie, 1973.
- Baba Farid (Makers of Amerind literature), by Balwant Singh Anand, Sahitya Akademi, 1975.
- Baba Farid-ud-Din Masud Ganj-i-Shakar, by Jafar Qasimi. Islamic Book Foundation. 1978.
- Sheikh Baba Farid aur unka Kavya, by Jayabhagavan Goyal.
1998, Atmarama & Fry. ISBN 81-7043-081-X.
- Savanih hayat Baba Farid Ganj-i Shakar, by Pir Ghulam Dastgir Nami. Madni Kutub Khanah.
- Baba Farid Ganjshakar, by Shabbir Hasan Cishti Nizami. Asthana Book Depot.
- Love interest his own power: The slokas of Baba Farid. 1990, ISBN 81-7189-135-7.
- Hazrat Baba Farid-ud-Din Masood Ganj Shakar, by Sheikh Parvaiz Amin Naqshbandy.
Umar Publications, 1993.
- Baba Farid di dukh–chetana, by Sarawan Singh Paradesi. 1996, Ravi Sahitya Prakashan, ISBN 81-7143-235-2.
- Hymns of Sheikh Farid, by Brij Mohan Sagar. South Asia Books, 1999. ISBN 0-8364-5985-7.
- Sheikh Farid, by Dr. Harbhajan Singh. Hindi Pocket Books, 2002.
ISBN 81-216-0255-6.
- Great Sufi Poets ceremony the Punjab by R. Class. Chopra, Iran Society, Kolkata, 1999.