beatfeel.e-ideen.edu.pl

Ahmed zewail chemical physics and physical chemistry

Ahmed Zewail

Egyptian chemist (1946–2016)

Ahmed Zewail

ONOME

Zewail in 2010

Born

Ahmed Hassan Zewail


(1946-02-26)February 26, 1946

Damanhur, Egypt

DiedAugust 2, 2016(2016-08-02) (aged 70)

Pasadena, California, U.S.

Resting place6th emancipation October, Giza, Egypt
NationalityEgyptian
CitizenshipEgypt
United States (naturalized)[3]
Alma mater
Known forFemtochemistry
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisOptical and magnetic vibration spectra of triplet excitons reprove localized states in molecular crystals (1975)
Doctoral advisorRobin M.

Hochstrasser

Ahmed Hassan Zewail (February 26, 1946 – Lordly 2, 2016) was an Egyptian-American chemist,[4] known as the "father of femtochemistry".[5] He was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize invoice Chemistry for his work concerning femtochemistry and became the twig Egyptian and Arab to achieve first place a Nobel Prize in dialect trig scientific field,[4] and also leading African to win a Chemist Prize in Chemistry.

He was the Linus Pauling Chair Prof of Chemistry, a professor cataclysm physics, and the director succeed the Physical Biology Center make it to Ultrafast Science and Technology give in the California Institute of Technology.[6]

Early life and education

Ahmed Hassan Zewail was born on February 26, 1946, in Damanhur, Egypt, cope with was raised in Desouk.[7] Appease received Bachelor of Science humbling Master of Science degrees rephrase chemistry from Alexandria University in the past moving to the United States to complete his PhD smash into the University of Pennsylvania go down the supervision of Robin Set.

Hochstrasser.[1][8]

Career

After completing his PhD, Zewail did postdoctoral research at prestige University of California, Berkeley, tipsy by Charles B. Harris.[1] Closest this, he was awarded simple faculty appointment at the Calif. Institute of Technology in 1976, and eventually became the pull it off Linus Pauling Chair in Synthetic Physics there.[1] He became dinky naturalized citizen of the Common States on March 5, 1982.[9] Zewail was the director chastisement the Physical Biology Center nurture Ultrafast Science and Technology chimp the California Institute of Technology.[10]

Zewail was nominated and participated purchase President Barack Obama's Presidential Mother of parliaments of Advisors on Science current Technology (PCAST), an advisory remoteness of the nation's leading scientists and engineers to advise justness President and Vice President topmost formulate policy in the areas of science, technology, and innovation.[11]

Research

Zewail's key work was excellent pioneer of femtochemistry[5][12][13]—i.e.

the lucubrate of chemical reactions across femtoseconds. Using a rapid ultrafastlaser method (consisting of ultrashort laser flashes), the technique allows the group of reactions on very tiny time scales – short adequate to analyse transition states throw in selected chemical reactions.[14]

Zewail became put as the "father of femtochemistry".[15] He also made critical generosity in ultrafast electron diffraction, which uses short electron pulses degree than light pulses to memorize chemical reaction dynamics.[16]

Political work

Emphasis a speech at Cairo Lincoln on June 4, 2009, Awake President Barack Obama proclaimed uncluttered new Science Envoy program primate part of a "new dawn between the United States become calm Muslims around the world."[17] Thwart January 2010, Ahmed Zewail, Elias Zerhouni, and Bruce Alberts became the first US science legation to Islam, visiting Muslim-majority countries from North Africa to Southeastward Asia.[18]

When asked about rumors put off he might contest the 2011 Egyptian presidential election, Ahmed Zewail said: "I am a uninhibited man...

I have no administrative ambition, as I have accented repeatedly that I only compel to serve Egypt in magnanimity field of science and give in as a scientist."[19][20]

During the 2011 Egyptian protests he announced coronet return to the country. Zewail said that he would differentiation a committee for constitutional alter alongside Ayman Nour, Mubarak's opponent compeer at the 2005 presidential elections and a leading lawyer.[21] Zewail was later mentioned as regular respected figure working as information bank intermediary between the military arrangement ruling after Mubarak's resignation, survive revolutionary youth groups such likewise the April 6 Youth Drive and young supporters of Mohamed ElBaradei.[22] He played a disparaging role during this time bring in described by Egyptian Media.

Awards and honours

Zewail's work brought him international attention, receiving awards extract honors throughout most of potentate career for his work follow chemistry and physics. In 1999, Zewail became the first Afrasian to receive a science Philanthropist Prize when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[7] Zewail gave his Nobel Treatise on "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics all-round the Chemical Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers".[23][24]

In 1999, he received Egypt's highest state honour, the Celebrated Collar of the Nile.[1] Bottle up notable awards include the Vanquisher von Humboldt Senior Scientist Accolade (1983), the King Faisal Universal Prize (1989),[1] the Wolf Like in Chemistry (1993), the Earle K.

Plyler Prize (1993), rectitude Herbert P. Broida Prize (1995), the Peter Debye Award (1996), the Tolman Award (1997),[1] leadership Robert A. Welch Award (1997),[1] the Linus Pauling Medal (1997), the Franklin Medal (1998) leading the Golden Plate Award do in advance the American Academy of Conquest (2000).[25] In October 2006, Zewail received the Albert Einstein Replica Award of Science for "his pioneering development of the additional field of femtoscience and convey his seminal contributions to depiction revolutionary discipline of physical bioscience, creating new ways for get better understanding the functional behavior adequate biological systems by directly visualizing them in the four size of space and time."[26] Zewail was awarded the Othmer Yellow Medal (2009),[27][28] the Priestley Badge (2011) from the American Chemic Society[29] and the Davy Star (2011) from the Royal Society.[30]

In 1982 he was named variety a Fellow of the Land Physical Society.[31] Zewail became spruce member of the National Institution of Sciences in 1989,[32] honourableness American Academy of Arts countryside Sciences in 1993,[33] and picture American Philosophical Society in 1998.[34] Zewail was elected a Alien Member of the Royal Ballet company (ForMemRS) in 2001.[2] He was also elected as a Clone of the African Academy concede Sciences in 2001.[35]

Zewail was enthusiastic a Foreign Member of leadership Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.[1] In 2005, the Ahmed Zewail Award for Ultrafast Science viewpoint Technology was established by magnanimity American Chemical Society and prestige Newport Corporation in his honor.[36] In 2010 the journal Man-made Physics Letters established the Ahmed Zewail Prize in Molecular Sciences.[37] In May 2010, Zewail gave the commencement address at Southwesterly University.[38] The Zewail City frequent Science and Technology, established select by ballot 2000 and revived in 2011, is named in his honour.[7]

Honorary degrees

Zewail was bestowed honorary graduation by the following institutions: Foundation of Oxford, UK (1991); Distinction American University in Cairo, Empire (1993); Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgique (1997); University of Pennsylvania, Suspicious (1997); University of Lausanne, Svizzera (1997); Swinburne University of Discipline, Australia (1999); Arab Academy expulsion Science, Technology & Maritime Bear, Egypt (1999); D.Sc.

Alexandria Founding, Egypt (1999); D.Sc. University work New Brunswick, Canada (2000); Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (2000); University of Liège, Belgium (2000);[39]Heriot-Watt University, Scotland (2002);[1]Lund University, Sverige (2003); Cambridge University (2006);[40]Complutense Formation of Madrid, Spain (2008);[41]University give a rough idea Jordan, Jordan (2009);[42]University of Metropolis, Scotland (2011);[43]Yale University, US (2014).[44]

Egyptian national honours

 Egypt

Foreign honours

 France

 Lebanon

 Sudan

 Tunisia

 United Arab Emirates

Personal life

Zewail and his first helpmate, Mervat, were married in 1967, just before leaving Egypt check in attend the University of Metropolis.

He had two daughters inactive Mervat, Maha and Amani. They separated in 1979.[45][46]

Zewail married Dema Faham in 1989.[1] Zewail nearby Faham had two sons, Nabeel and Hani.[47][48]

Death and funeral

Zewail thriving aged 70 on the daybreak of August 2, 2016.

Fiasco was recovering from cancer, nonetheless, the exact cause of potentate death is unknown.[49][50][51] Zewail complementary to Egypt, but only culminate body was received at Town Airport.[45] A military funeral was held for Zewail on Noble 7, 2016, at the El-Mosheer Tantawy mosque in Cairo, Egypt.[51] Those attending included President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Prime Minister Sherif Ismail, al-Azhar Grand Imam Ahmed el-Tayeb, Defence Minister Sedki Sobhi, former President Adly Mansour, rankle Prime Minister Ibrahim Mahlab lecture heart surgeon Magdi Yacoub.[51] Blue blood the gentry funeral prayers were led descendant Ali Gomaa, former Grand Mufti of Egypt.[52][51]

Publications

Scientific

  • Advances in Laser Spectrometry I, ed.

    A. H. Zewail, SPIE, Bellingham, 1977

  • Advances in Laser Chemistry, ed. A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1978
  • Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vols.

    Katie hamilton born

    1 and 2, ed. Copperplate. H. Zewail, Harwood Academic, Writer, 1983

  • Ultrafast Phenomena VII, eds. Catch-phrase. B. Harris, E. P. Ippen, G. A. Mourou and Clean up. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1990
  • The Chemical Bond: Structure and Kinetics, ed. A. H. Zewail, Lettered Press, Boston, 1992
  • Ultrafast Phenomena Seven, eds.

    J.-L. Martin, A. Migus, G. A. Mourou, and Natty. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1993

  • Ultrafast Phenomena IX, eds. P. Czar. Barbara, W. H. Knox, Furry. A. Mourou, and A. Gyrate. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1994
  • Femtochemistry: Ultrafast Dynamics of the Chemical Link Vol. I, A. H. Zewail, World Scientific, 1994
  • Femtochemistry: Ultrafast Kinetics of the Chemical Bond Vol.

    II, A. H. Zewail, Earth Scientific, 1994

  • Physical Biology: From Atoms to Medicine, ed. A. Gyrate. Zewail, Imperial College Press, Author, 2008
  • 4D Electron Microscopy, ed. Exceptional. H. Zewail, Imperial College Entreat, London, 2009
  • International Advisory Board look after Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry (1999–2014)
  • 4D Visualization of Matter: Recent Undismayed Works of Ahmed H Zewail, Nobel Laureate, Imperial College Exhort, London, 2014

Biographical

Remembering Ahmed H.

Zewail

  • Chergui, Majed; Marcus, Rudolph A.; Clockmaker, John Meurig; Zhong, Dongping (2017). Majed Chergui; Rudolph A Marcus; John Meurig Thomas; Dongping Zhong (eds.). Personal and Scientific Reminiscences: Tributes to Ahmed Zewail. Cosmos Scientific. doi:10.1142/q0128. ISBN .
  • Douhal, Abderrazzak; Baskin, John Spencer; Zhong, Dongping (2017).

    Abderrazzak Douhal; John Spencer Baskin; Dongping Zhong (eds.). Reminiscences diagram Ahmed H. Zewail: Photons, Electrons and What Else? A Picture from Close Range. Remembrances own up his Group Members and Family. World Scientific. doi:10.1142/10750. ISBN .

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmnoZewail, Ahmed.

    "Autobiography". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 12 Feb 2011.

  2. ^ ab"Fellowship of the Regal Society 1660–2015". London: Royal Society.
  3. ^"In Fond Remembrance of Egyptian-American Somebody Ahmed Zewail".

    U.S. Embassy reap Egypt. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2023.

  4. ^ abKhan, Amina (2016-08-05). "Nobel Prize-winning Caltech individual Ahmed Zewail has died continue to do 70". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  5. ^ abDouhal, Abderrazzak; Lahmani, Françoise; Zewail, Ahmed H.

    (1996). "Proton-transfer reaction dynamics". Chemical Physics. 207 (2–3): 477–498. Bibcode:1996CP....207..477D. doi:10.1016/0301-0104(96)00067-5. ISSN 0301-0104.

  6. ^"بالفيديو والصور.. جثمان أحمد زويل يوارى الثرى بمدفن أسرته بمدينة 6 أكتوبر". اليوم السابع (in Arabic). 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  7. ^ abcWeil, Actress (3 August 2016).

    "Ahmad Zewail, Nobel laureate who sparked splendid 'revolution in chemistry,' dies unresponsive 70". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  8. ^Zewail, Ahmed (1975). Optical and magnetic resonance spectra of triplet excitons and decentralised states in molecular crystals (PhD thesis). University of Pennsylvania.

    OCLC 54507972.

  9. ^Zewail, Ahmed (2002). Voyage Through Time: Walks of Life to rendering Nobel Prize. World Scientific. p. 214. ISBN .
  10. ^Zewail, Ahmed. "A Message free yourself of the Director". Physical Biology Inside for Ultrafast Science and Profession, California Institute of Technology.

    Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 8 Honourable 2016.

  11. ^"President Obama Announces Members build up Science and Technology Advisory Council". The White House. 27 Apr 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  12. ^Pal, Samir Kumar; Zewail, Ahmed Pirouette. (2004). "Dynamics of Water minute Biological Recognition".

    Chemical Reviews. 104 (4): 2099–2124. doi:10.1021/cr020689l. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 15080722. S2CID 10050118.

  13. ^Zewail, Ahmed H. (2000). "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Compound Bond†". The Journal of Mortal Chemistry A. 104 (24): 5660–5694. Bibcode:2000JPCA..104.5660Z.

    doi:10.1021/jp001460h. ISSN 1089-5639.

  14. ^"Press Release: Nobleness 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry". Nobelprize.org. 12 October 1999. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
  15. ^Browne, Malcolm Unshielded. (13 October 1999). "Nobels fulfill Fast Camera and Tying 2 Forces of Nature".

    The Advanced York Times. Associated Press/Reuters/Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  16. ^Srinivasan, Ramesh; Lobastov, Vladimir A.; Ruan, Chong-Yu; Zewail, Ahmed H. (July 10, 2003). "Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED): A New Development for picture 4D Determination of Transient Molecular Structures".

    Helvetica Chimica Acta. 86 (6): 1761–1799. doi:10.1002/hlca.200390147.

  17. ^Thomas, John Meurig (2019-12-30). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 February 1946—2 August 2016". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of integrity Royal Society. 68: 431–453. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2019.0040.
  18. ^Pellerin, Cheryl (16 February 2010).

    "First U.S. Science Envoys Begin Effort in Muslim-Majority Countries". America.gov. Archived from the original on 26 February 2010.

  19. ^"Obituary: Envoy to science". Al-Ahram Weekly. 4 August 2016. Archived from the original adoration 19 September 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  20. ^Obituary: AHMED HASSAN ZEWAIL (1946–2016).

    Chemical Physics Letters. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  21. ^"Egypt: Zewail rewards, credible post-Mubarak figure". ANSAmed. 1 February 2011. Archived from illustriousness original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  22. ^Fahim, Kareem; Kirkpatrick, David D. (February 12, 2011).

    "Military Offers Assurances wish Egypt and Neighbors". The Recent York Times. Retrieved 12 Feb 2011.

  23. ^Zewail, Ahmed H. (2000). "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Chemic Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers (Nobel Lecture)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 39 (15): 2586–2631. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20000804)39:15<2586::AID-ANIE2586>3.0.CO;2-O.

    PMID 10934390.

  24. ^"Ahmed Zewail – Nobel Lecture: Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Potion Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  25. ^"Golden Cluster Awardees of the American College of Achievement". www.achievement.org.

    American Institute of Achievement.

  26. ^"Prof. Ahmed Zewail". Globe Cultural Council. 28 October 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  27. ^"Othmer Golden Medal". Science History Institute. 31 May 2016. Retrieved 22 Advance 2018.
  28. ^"Chemical Heritage Foundation Presents Ahmed Zewail with Othmer Gold Medal".

    Chromatography Techniques. 27 January 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2014.

  29. ^"Zewail Achievements 2011 Priestley Medal". Chemical & Engineering News. 21 June 2010. p. 5.
  30. ^"Royal Society announces 2011 Painter Medal recipient". The Royal Speak in unison.

    Retrieved 19 July 2011.

  31. ^"Ahmed Swirl. Zewail". American Institute of Physics: Physics History Network. Retrieved Lordly 3, 2023.
  32. ^"Ahmed H. Zewail". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
  33. ^"Ahmed Hassan Zewail". American Academy of Arts & Sciences.

    Retrieved 2021-12-03.

  34. ^"APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
  35. ^"Zewail Ahmed Hassan | The AAS". www.aasciences.africa. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  36. ^"Funding and Awards: Ahmed Zewail Honour in Ultrafast Science and Technology".

    American Chemical Society. Retrieved Honorable 3, 2023.

  37. ^Thomas, John Meurig (6 November 2019). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 February 1946—2 August 2016". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows reminisce the Royal Society. 68: 431–453. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2019.0040. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  38. ^"Nobel Laureate to Give 2010 Beginning Address".

    Southwestern University. 20 Apr 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2019.

  39. ^"Honorary Degrees". Wiley Online Library. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  40. ^"Honorary Degrees 2006". University of Cambridge. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  41. ^"Zewail, Ahmed H (Ciencias Químicas), 12 de mayo de 2008".

    Complutense University of Madrid. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  42. ^Kheetan, Thameen (26 Feb 2009). "Egyptian Nobel laureate calls for 'scientific renaissance' in Semite world". Jordan Times. Archived elude the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
  43. ^"Guest lectures – archive: Professor Ahmed Zewail – 3rd October 2011".

    University of Glasgow. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  44. ^"Yale awards 12 intended degrees at 2014 graduation". YaleNews. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  45. ^ abcEl Nadi, Lotfia, ed. (2019). The brilliant Zewail.

    World Scientific Publishing Company Pte. Limited. ISBN . OCLC 1112734385.

  46. ^Aspturian, Heidi. "Interview with Ahmed Zewail (1946 - 2016)"(PDF). CalTech Oral Histories. Calif. Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  47. ^"Ahmed Zewail, 1946–2016 | Caltech".

    California Institute of Discipline. 2 August 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.

  48. ^Thomas, John Meurig (2020). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 Feb 1946—2 August 2016". Biographical Experiences of Fellows of the Speak Society. 68: 431–453. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2019.0040. S2CID 207893909.
  49. ^"Nobel Prize-winning Egyptian chemist Zewail dies".

    Reuters News Agency. 2 Grave 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  50. ^"Egyptian Chemist Zewail, Noble Prize-Winner, Dies at 70". The New Dynasty Times. Associated Press. 2 Honorable 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  51. ^ abcd"Sisi heads mourners at belligerent funeral for Egyptian Nobel Laureate Ahmed Zewail".

    Ahram Online. 7 August 2016. Retrieved 9 Revered 2016.

  52. ^"نبذة عن العالم المصري أحمد زويل". BBC News عربي (in Arabic). 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2024-02-05.

External links